Views
Creating Views
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Views contain the HTML served by your application and separate your controller / application logic from your presentation logic. Views are stored in the resources/views directory. A simple view might look something like this:
<!-- View stored in resources/views/greeting.blade.php -->
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, {{ $name }}</h1>
</body>
</html>
Since this view is stored at resources/views/greeting.blade.php, we may return it using the global view helper like so:
Route::get('/', function () {
return view('greeting', ['name' => 'James']);
});
As you can see, the first argument passed to the view helper corresponds to the name of the view file in the resources/views directory. The second argument is an array of data that should be made available to the view. In this case, we are passing the name variable, which is displayed in the view using Blade syntax.
Views may also be nested within subdirectories of the resources/views directory. "Dot" notation may be used to reference nested views. For example, if your view is stored at resources/views/admin/profile.blade.php, you may reference it like so:
return view('admin.profile', $data);
View directory names should not contain the . character.
Determining If A View Exists
If you need to determine if a view exists, you may use the View facade. The exists method will return true if the view exists:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
if (View::exists('emails.customer')) {
//
}
Creating The First Available View
Using the first method, you may create the first view that exists in a given array of views. This is useful if your application or package allows views to be customized or overwritten:
return view()->first(['custom.admin', 'admin'], $data);
You may also call this method via the View facade:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
return View::first(['custom.admin', 'admin'], $data);
Passing Data To Views
As you saw in the previous examples, you may pass an array of data to views:
return view('greetings', ['name' => 'Victoria']);
When passing information in this manner, the data should be an array with key / value pairs. Inside your view, you can then access each value using its corresponding key, such as <?php echo $key; ?>. As an alternative to passing a complete array of data to the view helper function, you may use the with method to add individual pieces of data to the view:
return view('greeting')->with('name', 'Victoria');
Sharing Data With All Views
Occasionally, you may need to share a piece of data with all views that are rendered by your application. You may do so using the view facade's share method. Typically, you should place calls to share within a service provider's boot method. You are free to add them to the AppServiceProvider or generate a separate service provider to house them:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function register()
{
//
}
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
View::share('key', 'value');
}
}
View Composers
View composers are callbacks or class methods that are called when a view is rendered. If you have data that you want to be bound to a view each time that view is rendered, a view composer can help you organize that logic into a single location.
For this example, let's register the view composers within a service provider. We'll use the View facade to access the underlying Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory contract implementation. Remember, Laravel does not include a default directory for view composers. You are free to organize them however you wish. For example, you could create an app/Http/View/Composers directory:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class ViewServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function register()
{
//
}
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
// Using class based composers...
View::composer(
'profile', 'App\Http\View\Composers\ProfileComposer'
);
// Using Closure based composers...
View::composer('dashboard', function ($view) {
//
});
}
}
Remember, if you create a new service provider to contain your view composer registrations, you will need to add the service provider to the providers array in the config/app.php configuration file.
Now that we have registered the composer, the ProfileComposer@compose method will be executed each time the profile view is being rendered. So, let's define the composer class:
<?php
namespace App\Http\View\Composers;
use App\Repositories\UserRepository;
use Illuminate\View\View;
class ProfileComposer
{
/**
* The user repository implementation.
*
* @var UserRepository
*/
protected $users;
/**
* Create a new profile composer.
*
* @param UserRepository $users
* @return void
*/
public function __construct(UserRepository $users)
{
// Dependencies automatically resolved by service container...
$this->users = $users;
}
/**
* Bind data to the view.
*
* @param View $view
* @return void
*/
public function compose(View $view)
{
$view->with('count', $this->users->count());
}
}
Just before the view is rendered, the composer's compose method is called with the Illuminate\View\View instance. You may use the with method to bind data to the view.
All view composers are resolved via the service container, so you may type-hint any dependencies you need within a composer's constructor.
Attaching A Composer To Multiple Views
You may attach a view composer to multiple views at once by passing an array of views as the first argument to the composer method:
View::composer(
['profile', 'dashboard'],
'App\Http\View\Composers\MyViewComposer'
);
The composer method also accepts the * character as a wildcard, allowing you to attach a composer to all views:
View::composer('*', function ($view) {
//
});
View Creators
View creators are very similar to view composers; however, they are executed immediately after the view is instantiated instead of waiting until the view is about to render. To register a view creator, use the creator method:
View::creator('profile', 'App\Http\View\Creators\ProfileCreator');
Optimizing Views
By default, views are compiled on demand. When a request is executed that renders a view, Laravel will determine if a compiled version of the view exists. If the file exists, Laravel will then determine if the uncompiled view has been modified more recently than the compiled view. If the compiled view either does not exist, or the uncompiled view has been modified, Laravel will recompile the view.
Compiling views during the request negatively impacts performance, so Laravel provides the view:cache Artisan command to precompile all of the views utilized by your application. For increased performance, you may wish to run this command as part of your deployment process:
php artisan view:cache
You may use the view:clear command to clear the view cache:
php artisan view:clear