Service Providers
Introduction
Service providers are the central place of all Laravel application bootstrapping. Your own application, as well as all of Laravel's core services, are bootstrapped via service providers.
But, what do we mean by "bootstrapped"? In general, we mean registering things, including registering service container bindings, event listeners, middleware, and even routes. Service providers are the central place to configure your application.
Laravel uses dozens of service providers internally to bootstrap its core services, such as the mailer, queue, cache, and others. Many of these providers are "deferred" providers, meaning they will not be loaded on every request, but only when the services they provide are actually needed.
All user-defined service providers are registered in the bootstrap/providers.php file. In the following documentation, you will learn how to write your own service providers and register them with your Laravel application.
If you would like to learn more about how Laravel handles requests and works internally, check out our documentation on the Laravel request lifecycle.
Writing Service Providers
All service providers extend the Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider class. Most service providers contain a register and a boot method. Within the register method, you should only bind things into the service container. You should never attempt to register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of functionality within the register method.
The Artisan CLI can generate a new provider via the make:provider command. Laravel will automatically register your new provider in your application's bootstrap/providers.php file:
php artisan make:provider RiakServiceProvider
The Register Method
As mentioned previously, within the register method, you should only bind things into the service container. You should never attempt to register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of functionality within the register method. Otherwise, you may accidentally use a service that is provided by a service provider which has not loaded yet.
Let's take a look at a basic service provider. Within any of your service provider methods, you always have access to the $app property which provides access to the service container:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Services\Riak\Connection;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class RiakServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application services.
*/
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(Connection::class, function (Application $app) {
return new Connection(config('riak'));
});
}
}
This service provider only defines a register method, and uses that method to define an implementation of App\Services\Riak\Connection in the service container. If you're not yet familiar with Laravel's service container, check out its documentation.
The bindings and singletons Properties
If your service provider registers many simple bindings, you may wish to use the bindings and singletons properties instead of manually registering each container binding. When the service provider is loaded by the framework, it will automatically check for these properties and register their bindings:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Contracts\DowntimeNotifier;
use App\Contracts\ServerProvider;
use App\Services\DigitalOceanServerProvider;
use App\Services\PingdomDowntimeNotifier;
use App\Services\ServerToolsProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* All of the container bindings that should be registered.
*
* @var array
*/
public $bindings = [
ServerProvider::class => DigitalOceanServerProvider::class,
];
/**
* All of the container singletons that should be registered.
*
* @var array
*/
public $singletons = [
DowntimeNotifier::class => PingdomDowntimeNotifier::class,
ServerProvider::class => ServerToolsProvider::class,
];
}
The Boot Method
So, what if we need to register a view composer within our service provider? This should be done within the boot method. This method is called after all other service providers have been registered, meaning you have access to all other services that have been registered by the framework:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class ComposerServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*/
public function boot(): void
{
View::composer('view', function () {
// ...
});
}
}
Boot Method Dependency Injection
You may type-hint dependencies for your service provider's boot method. The service container will automatically inject any dependencies you need:
use Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory;
/**
* Bootstrap any application services.
*/
public function boot(ResponseFactory $response): void
{
$response->macro('serialized', function (mixed $value) {
// ...
});
}
Registering Providers
All service providers are registered in the bootstrap/providers.php configuration file. This file returns an array that contains the class names of your application's service providers:
<?php
return [
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
];
When you invoke the make:provider Artisan command, Laravel will automatically add the generated provider to the bootstrap/providers.php file. However, if you have manually created the provider class, you should manually add the provider class to the array:
<?php
return [
App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
App\Providers\ComposerServiceProvider::class, // [tl! add]
];
Deferred Providers
If your provider is only registering bindings in the service container, you may choose to defer its registration until one of the registered bindings is actually needed. Deferring the loading of such a provider will improve the performance of your application, since it is not loaded from the filesystem on every request.
Laravel compiles and stores a list of all of the services supplied by deferred service providers, along with the name of its service provider class. Then, only when you attempt to resolve one of these services does Laravel load the service provider.
To defer the loading of a provider, implement the \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferrableProvider interface and define a provides method. The provides method should return the service container bindings registered by the provider:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Services\Riak\Connection;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferrableProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
class RiakServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider implements DeferrableProvider
{
/**
* Register any application services.
*/
public function register(): void
{
$this->app->singleton(Connection::class, function (Application $app) {
return new Connection($app['config']['riak']);
});
}
/**
* Get the services provided by the provider.
*
* @return array<int, string>
*/
public function provides(): array
{
return [Connection::class];
}
}