Collections
Introduction
The Illuminate\Support\Collection
class provides a fluent, convenient wrapper for working with arrays of data. For example, check out the following code. We'll use the collect
helper to create a new collection instance from the array, run the strtoupper
function on each element, and then remove all empty elements:
$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail', null])->map(function ($name) {
return strtoupper($name);
})->reject(function ($name) {
return empty($name);
});
As you can see, the Collection
class allows you to chain its methods to perform fluent mapping and reducing of the underlying array. In general, collections are immutable, meaning every Collection
method returns an entirely new Collection
instance.
Creating Collections
As mentioned above, the collect
helper returns a new Illuminate\Support\Collection
instance for the given array. So, creating a collection is as simple as:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);
The results of Eloquent queries are always returned as Collection
instances.
Extending Collections
Collections are "macroable", which allows you to add additional methods to the Collection
class at run time. The Illuminate\Support\Collection
class' macro
method accepts a closure that will be executed when your macro is called. The macro closure may access the collection's other methods via $this
, just as if it were a real method of the collection class. For example, the following code adds a toUpper
method to the Collection
class:
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
Collection::macro('toUpper', function () {
return $this->map(function ($value) {
return Str::upper($value);
});
});
$collection = collect(['first', 'second']);
$upper = $collection->toUpper();
// ['FIRST', 'SECOND']
Typically, you should declare collection macros in the boot
method of a service provider.
Macro Arguments
If necessary, you may define macros that accept additional arguments:
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang;
Collection::macro('toLocale', function ($locale) {
return $this->map(function ($value) use ($locale) {
return Lang::get($value, [], $locale);
});
});
$collection = collect(['first', 'second']);
$translated = $collection->toLocale('es');
Available Methods
For the majority of the remaining collection documentation, we'll discuss each method available on the Collection
class. Remember, all of these methods may be chained to fluently manipulate the underlying array. Furthermore, almost every method returns a new Collection
instance, allowing you to preserve the original copy of the collection when necessary:
all average avg chunk chunkWhile collapse collect combine concat contains containsStrict count countBy crossJoin dd diff diffAssoc diffKeys doesntContain dump duplicates duplicatesStrict each eachSpread every except filter first firstWhere flatMap flatten flip forget forPage get groupBy has implode intersect intersectByKeys isEmpty isNotEmpty join keyBy keys last macro make map mapInto mapSpread mapToGroups mapWithKeys max median merge mergeRecursive min mode nth only pad partition pipe pipeInto pipeThrough pluck pop prepend pull push put random range reduce reduceSpread reject replace replaceRecursive reverse search shift shuffle sliding skip skipUntil skipWhile slice sole some sort sortBy sortByDesc sortDesc sortKeys sortKeysDesc sortKeysUsing splice split splitIn sum take takeUntil takeWhile tap times toArray toJson transform undot union unique uniqueStrict unless unlessEmpty unlessNotEmpty unwrap values when whenEmpty whenNotEmpty where whereStrict whereBetween whereIn whereInStrict whereInstanceOf whereNotBetween whereNotIn whereNotInStrict whereNotNull whereNull wrap zip
Method Listing
all()
The all
method returns the underlying array represented by the collection:
collect([1, 2, 3])->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
average()
Alias for the avg
method.
avg()
The avg
method returns the average value of a given key:
$average = collect([
['foo' => 10],
['foo' => 10],
['foo' => 20],
['foo' => 40]
])->avg('foo');
// 20
$average = collect([1, 1, 2, 4])->avg();
// 2
chunk()
The chunk
method breaks the collection into multiple, smaller collections of a given size:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
$chunks = $collection->chunk(4);
$chunks->all();
// [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7]]
This method is especially useful in views when working with a grid system such as Bootstrap. For example, imagine you have a collection of Eloquent models you want to display in a grid:
@foreach ($products->chunk(3) as $chunk)
<div class="row">
@foreach ($chunk as $product)
<div class="col-xs-4">{{ $product->name }}</div>
@endforeach
</div>
@endforeach
chunkWhile()
The chunkWhile
method breaks the collection into multiple, smaller collections based on the evaluation of the given callback. The $chunk
variable passed to the closure may be used to inspect the previous element:
$collection = collect(str_split('AABBCCCD'));
$chunks = $collection->chunkWhile(function ($value, $key, $chunk) {
return $value === $chunk->last();
});
$chunks->all();
// [['A', 'A'], ['B', 'B'], ['C', 'C', 'C'], ['D']]
collapse()
The collapse
method collapses a collection of arrays into a single, flat collection:
$collection = collect([
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9],
]);
$collapsed = $collection->collapse();
$collapsed->all();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
collect()
The collect
method returns a new Collection
instance with the items currently in the collection:
$collectionA = collect([1, 2, 3]);
$collectionB = $collectionA->collect();
$collectionB->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
The collect
method is primarily useful for converting lazy collections into standard Collection
instances:
$lazyCollection = LazyCollection::make(function () {
yield 1;
yield 2;
yield 3;
});
$collection = $lazyCollection->collect();
get_class($collection);
// 'Illuminate\Support\Collection'
$collection->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
The collect
method is especially useful when you have an instance of Enumerable
and need a non-lazy collection instance. Since collect()
is part of the Enumerable
contract, you can safely use it to get a Collection
instance.
combine()
The combine
method combines the values of the collection, as keys, with the values of another array or collection:
$collection = collect(['name', 'age']);
$combined = $collection->combine(['George', 29]);
$combined->all();
// ['name' => 'George', 'age' => 29]
concat()
The concat
method appends the given array
or collection's values onto the end of another collection:
$collection = collect(['John Doe']);
$concatenated = $collection->concat(['Jane Doe'])->concat(['name' => 'Johnny Doe']);
$concatenated->all();
// ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe', 'Johnny Doe']
contains()
The contains
method determines whether the collection contains a given item. You may pass a closure to the contains
method to determine if an element exists in the collection matching a given truth test:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->contains(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 5;
});
// false
Alternatively, you may pass a string to the contains
method to determine whether the collection contains a given item value:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]);
$collection->contains('Desk');
// true
$collection->contains('New York');
// false
You may also pass a key / value pair to the contains
method, which will determine if the given pair exists in the collection:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
]);
$collection->contains('product', 'Bookcase');
// false
The contains
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value. Use the containsStrict
method to filter using "strict" comparisons.
For the inverse of contains
, see the doesntContain method.
containsStrict()
This method has the same signature as the contains
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
This method's behavior is modified when using Eloquent Collections.
count()
The count
method returns the total number of items in the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$collection->count();
// 4
countBy()
The countBy
method counts the occurrences of values in the collection. By default, the method counts the occurrences of every element, allowing you to count certain "types" of elements in the collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 2, 2, 3]);
$counted = $collection->countBy();
$counted->all();
// [1 => 1, 2 => 3, 3 => 1]
You pass a closure to the countBy
method to count all items by a custom value:
$collection = collect(['alice@gmail.com', 'bob@yahoo.com', 'carlos@gmail.com']);
$counted = $collection->countBy(function ($email) {
return substr(strrchr($email, "@"), 1);
});
$counted->all();
// ['gmail.com' => 2, 'yahoo.com' => 1]
crossJoin()
The crossJoin
method cross joins the collection's values among the given arrays or collections, returning a Cartesian product with all possible permutations:
$collection = collect([1, 2]);
$matrix = $collection->crossJoin(['a', 'b']);
$matrix->all();
/*
[
[1, 'a'],
[1, 'b'],
[2, 'a'],
[2, 'b'],
]
*/
$collection = collect([1, 2]);
$matrix = $collection->crossJoin(['a', 'b'], ['I', 'II']);
$matrix->all();
/*
[
[1, 'a', 'I'],
[1, 'a', 'II'],
[1, 'b', 'I'],
[1, 'b', 'II'],
[2, 'a', 'I'],
[2, 'a', 'II'],
[2, 'b', 'I'],
[2, 'b', 'II'],
]
*/
dd()
The dd
method dumps the collection's items and ends execution of the script:
$collection = collect(['John Doe', 'Jane Doe']);
$collection->dd();
/*
Collection {
#items: array:2 [
0 => "John Doe"
1 => "Jane Doe"
]
}
*/
If you do not want to stop executing the script, use the dump
method instead.
diff()
The diff
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its values. This method will return the values in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$diff = $collection->diff([2, 4, 6, 8]);
$diff->all();
// [1, 3, 5]
This method's behavior is modified when using Eloquent Collections.
diffAssoc()
The diffAssoc
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its keys and values. This method will return the key / value pairs in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([
'color' => 'orange',
'type' => 'fruit',
'remain' => 6,
]);
$diff = $collection->diffAssoc([
'color' => 'yellow',
'type' => 'fruit',
'remain' => 3,
'used' => 6,
]);
$diff->all();
// ['color' => 'orange', 'remain' => 6]
diffKeys()
The diffKeys
method compares the collection against another collection or a plain PHP array
based on its keys. This method will return the key / value pairs in the original collection that are not present in the given collection:
$collection = collect([
'one' => 10,
'two' => 20,
'three' => 30,
'four' => 40,
'five' => 50,
]);
$diff = $collection->diffKeys([
'two' => 2,
'four' => 4,
'six' => 6,
'eight' => 8,
]);
$diff->all();
// ['one' => 10, 'three' => 30, 'five' => 50]
doesntContain()
The doesntContain
method determines whether the collection does not contain a given item. You may pass a closure to the doesntContain
method to determine if an element does not exist in the collection matching a given truth test:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
$collection->doesntContain(function ($value, $key) {
return $value < 5;
});
// false
Alternatively, you may pass a string to the doesntContain
method to determine whether the collection does not contain a given item value:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]);
$collection->doesntContain('Table');
// true
$collection->doesntContain('Desk');
// false
You may also pass a key / value pair to the doesntContain
method, which will determine if the given pair does not exist in the collection:
$collection = collect([
['product' => 'Desk', 'price' => 200],
['product' => 'Chair', 'price' => 100],
]);
$collection->doesntContain('product', 'Bookcase');
// true
The doesntContain
method uses "loose" comparisons when checking item values, meaning a string with an integer value will be considered equal to an integer of the same value.
dump()
The dump
method dumps the collection's items:
$collection = collect(['John Doe', 'Jane Doe']);
$collection->dump();
/*
Collection {
#items: array:2 [
0 => "John Doe"
1 => "Jane Doe"
]
}
*/
If you want to stop executing the script after dumping the collection, use the dd
method instead.
duplicates()
The duplicates
method retrieves and returns duplicate values from the collection:
$collection = collect(['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'b']);
$collection->duplicates();
// [2 => 'a', 4 => 'b']
If the collection contains arrays or objects, you can pass the key of the attributes that you wish to check for duplicate values:
$employees = collect([
['email' => 'abigail@example.com', 'position' => 'Developer'],
['email' => 'james@example.com', 'position' => 'Designer'],
['email' => 'victoria@example.com', 'position' => 'Developer'],
]);
$employees->duplicates('position');
// [2 => 'Developer']
duplicatesStrict()
This method has the same signature as the duplicates
method; however, all values are compared using "strict" comparisons.
each()
The each
method iterates over the items in the collection and passes each item to a closure:
$collection->each(function ($item, $key) {
//
});
If you would like to stop iterating through the items, you may return false
from your closure:
$collection->each(function ($item, $key) {
if (/* condition */) {
return false;
}
});
eachSpread()
The eachSpread
method iterates over the collection's items, passing each nested item value into the given callback:
$collection = collect([['John Doe', 35], ['Jane Doe', 33]]);
$collection->eachSpread(function ($name, $age) {
//
});
You may stop iterating through the items by returning false
from the callback:
$collection->eachSpread(function ($name, $age) {
return false;
});
every()
The every
method may be used to verify that all elements of a collection pass a given truth test:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->every(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// false
If the collection is empty, the every
method will return true:
$collection = collect([]);
$collection->every(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// true
except()
The except
method returns all items in the collection except for those with the specified keys:
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100, 'discount' => false]);
$filtered = $collection->except(['price', 'discount']);
$filtered->all();
// ['product_id' => 1]
For the inverse of except
, see the only method.
This method's behavior is modified when using Eloquent Collections.
filter()
The filter
method filters the collection using the given callback, keeping only those items that pass a given truth test:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);
$filtered = $collection->filter(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
$filtered->all();
// [3, 4]
If no callback is supplied, all entries of the collection that are equivalent to false
will be removed:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, null, false, '', 0, []]);
$collection->filter()->all();
// [1, 2, 3]
For the inverse of filter
, see the reject method.
first()
The first
method returns the first element in the collection that passes a given truth test:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->first(function ($value, $key) {
return $value > 2;
});
// 3
You may also call the first
method with no arguments to get the first element in the collection. If the collection is empty, null
is returned:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4])->first();
// 1
firstWhere()
The firstWhere
method returns the first element in the collection with the given key / value pair:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Regena', 'age' => null],
['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14],
['name' => 'Diego', 'age' => 23],
['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 84],
]);
$collection->firstWhere('name', 'Linda');
// ['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14]
You may also call the firstWhere
method with a comparison operator:
$collection->firstWhere('age', '>=', 18);
// ['name' => 'Diego', 'age' => 23]
Like the where method, you may pass one argument to the firstWhere
method. In this scenario, the firstWhere
method will return the first item where the given item key's value is "truthy":
$collection->firstWhere('age');
// ['name' => 'Linda', 'age' => 14]
flatMap()
The flatMap
method iterates through the collection and passes each value to the given closure. The closure is free to modify the item and return it, thus forming a new collection of modified items. Then, the array is flattened by one level:
$collection = collect([
['name' => 'Sally'],
['school' => 'Arkansas'],
['age' => 28]
]);
$flattened = $collection->flatMap(function ($values) {
return array_map('strtoupper', $values);
});
$flattened->all();
// ['name' => 'SALLY', 'school' => 'ARKANSAS', 'age' => '28'];
flatten()
The flatten
method flattens a multi-dimensional collection into a single dimension:
$collection = collect([
'name' => 'taylor',
'languages' => [
'php', 'javascript'
]
]);
$flattened = $collection->flatten();
$flattened->all();
// ['taylor', 'php', 'javascript'];
If necessary, you may pass the flatten
method a "depth" argument:
$collection = collect([
'Apple' => [
[
'name' => 'iPhone 6S',
'brand' => 'Apple'
],
],
'Samsung' => [
[
'name' => 'Galaxy S7',
'brand' => 'Samsung'
],
],
]);
$products = $collection->flatten(1);
$products->values()->all();
/*
[
['name' => 'iPhone 6S', 'brand' => 'Apple'],
['name' => 'Galaxy S7', 'brand' => 'Samsung'],
]
*/
In this example, calling flatten
without providing the depth would have also flattened the nested arrays, resulting in ['iPhone 6S', 'Apple', 'Galaxy S7', 'Samsung']
. Providing a depth allows you to specify the number of levels nested arrays will be flattened.
flip()
The flip
method swaps the collection's keys with their corresponding values:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$flipped = $collection->flip();
$flipped->all();
// ['taylor' => 'name', 'laravel' => 'framework']
forget()
The forget
method removes an item from the collection by its key:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$collection->forget('name');
$collection->all();
// ['framework' => 'laravel']
Unlike most other collection methods, forget
does not return a new modified collection; it modifies the collection it is called on.
forPage()
The forPage
method returns a new collection containing the items that would be present on a given page number. The method accepts the page number as its first argument and the number of items to show per page as its second argument:
$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
$chunk = $collection->forPage(2, 3);
$chunk->all();
// [4, 5, 6]
get()
The get
method returns the item at a given key. If the key does not exist, null
is returned:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('name');
// taylor
You may optionally pass a default value as the second argument:
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('age', 34);
// 34
You may even pass a callback as the method's default value. The result of the callback will be returned if the specified key does not exist:
$collection->get('email', function () {
return 'taylor@example.com';
});
// taylor@example.com
groupBy()
The groupBy
method groups the collection's items by a given key:
$collection = collect([
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
]);
$grouped = $collection->groupBy('account_id');
$grouped->all();
/*
[
'account-x10' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
],
'account-x11' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
],
]
*/
Instead of passing a string key
, you may pass a callback. The callback should return the value you wish to key the group by:
$grouped = $collection->groupBy(function ($item, $key) {
return substr($item['account_id'], -3);
});
$grouped->all();
/*
[
'x10' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Chair'],
['account_id' => 'account-x10', 'product' => 'Bookcase'],
],
'x11' => [
['account_id' => 'account-x11', 'product' => 'Desk'],
],
]
*/
Multiple grouping criteria may be passed as an array. Each array element will be applied to the corresponding level within a multi-dimensional array:
$data = new Collection([
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
30 => ['user' => 3, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_1']],
40 => ['user' => 4, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_2']],
]);
$result = $data->groupBy(['skill', function ($item) {
return $item['roles'];
}], $preserveKeys = true);
/*
[
1 => [
'Role_1' => [
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
],
'Role_2' => [
20 => ['user' => 2, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_2']],
],
'Role_3' => [
10 => ['user' => 1, 'skill' => 1, 'roles' => ['Role_1', 'Role_3']],
],
],
2 => [
'Role_1' => [
30 => ['user' => 3, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_1']],
],
'Role_2' => [
40 => ['user' => 4, 'skill' => 2, 'roles' => ['Role_2']],
],
],
];
*/
has()
The has
method determines if a given key exists in the collection:
$collection = collect(['account_id' => 1, 'product' => 'Desk', 'amount' => 5]);
$collection->has('product');
// true
$collection->has(['product', 'amount']);
// true
$collection->has(['amount', 'price']);
// false
implode()
The implode
method joins items in a collection. Its arguments depend on the type of items in the collection. If the collection contains arrays or objects, you should pass the key of the attributes you wish to join, and the "glue" string you wish to place between the values:
$collection = collect([
['account_id' => 1, 'product' => 'Desk'],
['account_id' => 2, 'product' => 'Chair'],
]);
$collection->implode('product', ', ');
// Desk, Chair
If the collection contains simple strings or numeric values, you should pass the "glue" as the only argument to the method:
collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])->implode('-');
// '1-2-3-4-5'
intersect()
The intersect
method removes any values from the original collection that are not present in the given array
or collection. The resulting collection will preserve the original collection's keys:
$collection = collect(['Desk', 'Sofa', 'Chair']);
$intersect = $collection->intersect(['Desk', 'Chair', 'Bookcase']);
$intersect->all();
// [0 => 'Desk', 2 => 'Chair']
This method's behavior is modified when using Eloquent Collections.
intersectByKeys()
The intersectByKeys
method removes any keys and their corresponding values from the original collection that are not present in the given array
or collection:
$collection = collect([
'serial' => 'UX301', 'type' => 'screen', 'year' => 2009,
]);
$intersect = $collection->intersectByKeys([
'reference' => 'UX404', 'type' => 'tab', 'year' => 2011,
]);
$intersect->all();
// ['type' => 'screen', 'year' => 2009]
isEmpty()
The isEmpty
method returns true
if the collection is empty; otherwise, false
is returned:
collect([])->isEmpty();
// true